47 Transactions with related parties - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 48 Costs of external independent auditor Contents Introduction Management report Appendices Corporate governance Consolidated Financial Statements Company Financial Statements Two parties are considered related if one party exercises control or has significant influence over the other party with regard to financial or operating decisions. In the normal course of business, Rabobank conducts a wide variety of transactions with related entities which involve different types of loans, deposits and transactions in foreign currencies.Transactions between related parties also includes transactions with associates, pension funds, joint ventures, the Managing Board and the Supervisory Board.These transactions are conducted against commercial terms and conditions and market prices. In accordance with IAS 24.4, transactions within Rabobank Group are not disclosed in the consolidated financial statements. In the normal course of Rabobank's business operations, banking transactions are carried out with related parties. These involve loans, deposits and transactions in foreign currencies. These transactions are conducted against commercial terms and conditions and market prices. The volumes of related party transactions, year-end outstanding balances and the corresponding income and expenses during the year are presented in the following table.Transactions and balances outstanding with members of the Managing Board and members of the Supervisory Board are disclosed in section 48. Transactions with pension funds are disclosed in section 27. Investments in associates Other related parties in millions of euros 2017 2016 2017 2016 Loans Outstanding at beginning of year 503 361 Provided during the year 372 178 Redeemed during the year (478) (88) Other 52 Gross loans as of 31 December 397 503 Less: loan impairment allowance (68) Total loans as of 31 December 397 435 Deposits from banks and deposits from customers Outstanding at beginning of the year 7,181 7,269 29 Received during the year 654 411 29 Repaid during the year (889) (576) (29) Other 77 Total deposits as of 31 December 6,946 7,181 29 Credit related contingent liabilities 416 398 Income Net interest income 10 12 Fee and commission income 260 227 Trading income Other 18 Total income from transactions with related parties 288 239 Expenses Interest expense 332 331 Fee and commission expense Impairments (5) 11 Total expenses from transactions with related parties 327 342 Expenses for services provided by Rabobank's independent auditor, PricewaterhouseCoopers Accountants N.V. ('PwC') and its member firms and/ or affiliates to Rabobank and its subsidiaries in 2017 are specified as follows: in millions of euros 2017 2016 PwC Netherlands Other PwC network firms Total PwC Netherlands Other PwC network firms Total Audit services 9.5 7.1 16.6 6.2 8.0 14.2 Other audit services 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.5 0.1 0.6 Tax advisory services - 0.4 0.4 - 0.8 0.8 Other non-audit services - 0.2 0.2 - 2.4 2.4 Total 9.9 8.1 18.0 6.7 11.3 18.0 The audit fees listed above relate to the procedure applied to Rabobank and its consolidated group entities by PwC and other member firms in the global PwC network, including their tax services and advisory groups. These audit fees relate to the audit of the financial statements, regardless of whetherthe work was performed during the financial year. Rabobank Annual Report 2017 - Consolidated financial statements Our auditor, PwC NL, has rendered, for the period to which our statutory audit relates, in addition to the audit of the statutory financial statements the following services to the company and its controlled entities:

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Annual Reports Rabobank | 2017 | | pagina 236