9 Financial assets designated at fair value 10 Derivatives Inhoudsopgave Voorwoord Bestuursverslag Corporate governance Consolidated Financial Statements Company Financial Statements Pillar 3 in millions of euros 2016 2015 Other debt securities 32 791 Purchased loans 854 1,006 Venture capital (equity instrument) 314 270 Other equity instruments 121 129 Total 1,321 2,196 The change in the current year in the fair value of the loans designated as being at fair value with adjustments in the income statement that is allocable to the changes in the credit risk amounts to 1 (2015: 5).The cumulative change is -28 (2015: -29). Any changes in fair value are calculated by discounting future cash flows. When setting the discount rate, account is taken of expected losses, liquidity mark-ups and the risk margin. No use is made of credit derivatives to hedge the purchased loans designated at fair value. Derivatives are used at Rabobank for the purpose of mitigating at least a portion of the risks arising from the bank's various operations. Examples of this include interest rate swaps used to hedge interest rate risks arising from the difference in maturities between assets and liabilities. Another example are cross-currency swaps, which are used to hedge the currency risk to which the bank is exposed after issuing debt instruments in foreign currencies.The bank's hedging policy is designed to protect its net interest income within the risk appetite framework. Additionally to hedging purposes derivatives are also contracted for the bank's customers. 10.1 Types of derivative instruments used by Rabobank Forward currency and interest rate contracts are contractual obligations to receive or pay a net amount based on prevailing exchange or interest rates, or to purchase or sell foreign currency or a financial instrument on a future date at a fixed specified price in an organised financial market. Since collateral for forward contracts is provided in the form of cash, cash equivalents or marketable securities, and changes in the value of forward contracts are settled daily, mainly via a central counterparty clearing house, the credit risk is low.The credit risk exposure for Rabobank is represented by the potential cost of replacing the swaps if the counterparties default. The risk is monitored continuously against current fair value, a portion of the notional amount of the contracts and the liquidity in the markets. As part of the credit risk management process, Rabobank employs the same methods for evaluating counterparties as it does for evaluating its own lending activities. Forward rate agreements are individually agreed forward interest rate contracts under which the difference between a contractually agreed interest rate and the market rate on a future date has to be settled in cash, based on a notional principal amount. Currency and interest rate swaps are commitments to exchange one set of cash flows for another. Swaps entail an economic exchange of currencies or interest rates (such as a fixed rate for one or more variable rates), or a combination (i.e. a cross-currency interest rate swap). Except in certain currency swaps, no transfer of the principal amount takes place. Currency and interest rate options are contracts under which the seller (known as the writer) gives the buyer (known as the holder) the right, entailing no obligation, to purchase (in the case of a call option) or sell (in the case of a put option) a specific amount of foreign currency or a specific financial instrument on or before an agreed date or during an agreed period at a price set in advance. As consideration for accepting the currency or interest rate risk, the writer receives a payment (known as a premium) from the holder. Options are traded on exchanges or between Rabobank and clients (OTC). Rabobank is only exposed to credit risks as an option holder and only up to the carrying amount, which is equivalent to the fair value. Credit default swaps (CDSs) are instruments by means of which the seller of a CDS undertakes to pay an amount to the buyer. This amount is equal to the loss that would be incurred by holding an underlying reference asset if a specific credit event were to occur (i.e. the materialisation of a risk). The buyer is under no obligation to hold the underlying reference asset. The buyer pays the seller a credit protection fee largely expressed in basis points, with the size of the fee depending on the credit spread of the reference asset. 10.2 Derivatives issued or held for trading The derivatives held or issued for trading are those used to hedge economic risks but which do not qualify as hedge accounting instruments and derivatives that corporate customers have contracted with Rabobank to hedge interest rate and currency risks.The exposures from derivatives with corporate customers are normally hedged by entering into reverse positions with one or more professional counterparties, within trading limits set. 10.3 Derivatives held as hedges Rabobank contracts various financial derivatives that serve to hedge economic risks, including interest rate and currency risks, which qualify as a fair value hedge, cash flow hedge or net investment hedge. 218 Rabobank Jaarverslag 2016

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Jaarverslagen Rabobank | 2016 | | pagina 219